Person or people (objective)

Details:

In these definitions of presence technology is explicitly not involved and the phenomenon is an objective property of a person or people.

Sample defintion(s):

Biocca, Harms & Burgoon ( 2003):
“In [studies] of unmediated interactions, social presence is treated as self-evident: the other simply is or is not present” ( p. 462).

See subcategories