SOCIAL PRESENCE

Details:

In these definitions of presence technology is explicitly not involved; the phenomenon is an objective property of a mode of communication or a person or people; and the aspect of the phenonenon that is of primary interest is related to social entities (usually humans).

Sample defintion(s):

Zhao (2003):
"[Corporeal copresence is] the most primitive mode of human togetherness. To interact with someone in corporeal copresence is to interact with that person face to face or body to body” (p. 447).

Biocca, Harms, & Burgoon (2003):
"Non-definitional, binary formulations of social presence... In these studies of unmediated interactions, social presence is treated as self-evident: the other simply is or is not present. (Soussignan and Schaal, 1996; Huguet, Galvaing et al., 1999)"

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